What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay ggA. EconomicImperialism at home and abroad In one generation Africa direct possession (1902: only Liberia, founded by former American slaves remains independent) Asia and Near East: economic and diplomatic pressure Economic concessions and extra-territorial privileges: Ottoman Empire most vulnerable; China most vulnerable; Japan modernizing rapidly; India firmly in British hands; Importance to Europe: keeps fat on European economy; colonial rule a reproach to democracy; encouraged feelings of national and racial superiority; Pan movements a form of imperialism Technology and science: materialism B. SocialHuman welfare: serfdom gone (except in Russia); surgery and anesthetics perfected; life span longer; Victorian middle class morality in decline; spread of literacy. Peace movements: pipe dream of peace. Aristocratic remainders. We will write a custom essay on What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Neglect of the proletariat. C. Intellectual1. European cultural heritage2. Ideologies of progress:conservatism delaying action not progress (aristocracy) liberalism freedom, law, representative government (upper middle class) radicalism remove class distinctions, anti-clerical (lower middle class) socialism collectivist doctrine (city workers) new left syndicalism D. Political1. the nation-state: language and race2. parliamentary government3. parties:tied to class and ideology lack of responsibility too many of them 4. Differing formsseparation of powers only in the USA king or president a figurehead in Britain and France search for majorities in parliament Britain: the cabinet held the whip France and Italy: parliament held the whip 5. Extension of the suffrage6. Exceptions to democratizationGermany: only has external form of it, the Reichstag is a debating chamber Austria-Hungary: maintaining monarchy in polyglot confusion Russia: a struggle between Duma and Ministry E. Military1. popular militarismBoer War naval building race: Admiral Tirpitz risk theory Three-year army law: France 1913 Tripoli campaign in Italy, 1911 2. Comparative figures on army increase, 1870-1914:1870 1914Russia 700,000 1,300,000France 380,000 846,000Germany 403,000 812,000Austria-Hungary 247,000 424,000Britain 302,000 381,000Italy 334,000 305,000Japan 70,000 250,000U.S. A. 37,000 98,0003. military expenditureGermany and Russia had the largest budgets in 1914 Britain and Germany spent most per capita: Germany $8.52 Britain $8. 53 U.S.A. $0. 32 F. Diplomatic1. Alliance System1870 1890: Bismarck in control 1890 1907: balance against Germany 2. Testing the systemRusso-Japanese War, 1904-5 First Morocco Crisis, 1905-6 Bosnian Annexation Crisis, 1908 Second Morocco Crisis, 1911 Haldane Mission, 1912 3. Tensions in the BalkansHapsburg Empire in turmoil South Slav Problem First Balkan War, 1912-13 Second Balkan War, 1913

The Laundromat by Marsha Norman †Theatre Essay

The Laundromat by Marsha Norman – Theatre Essay Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman Theatre Essay â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman is a one-act play that was written in 1979. Marsha Norman was born in 1947 to a fundamentalism Methodist family (Ingrid 1). Marsha had a very lonely childhood, which was often reflected in her work. â€Å"Her mothers religious views prohibited Norman from playing with other children and watching television and movies, and she credits her loneliness as a child as the reason she became a writer† (Ingrid 1). â€Å"The Laundromat† is about two women, Alberta and Deedee who meet in a Laundromat and chat with one another while doing their laundry. Alberta is â€Å"a reserved women in her late fifties† who lost her husband Herb about a year ago and Deedee is a â€Å"restless twenty-year old) girl who is presently in a relationship with a man who is pursuing an affair. Throughout the play Marsha Norman portrays Alberta and Deedee as two women who are in denial about an aspect of their life. Alberta is in denial that her husband Herb passed away and Deedee is in denial that her husband Joe is having an affair with another woman. Through psychoanalysis the two women are able to overcome their denial and come to terms with despair and loneliness. â€Å"Sigmund Freud was born May 6, 1856 in a small town – Freiberg – in Moravia† (Boeree 2). Freud became very famous in his psychological studies of the personality. Alberta and Deedee use many defense mechanisms in trying to cope with their losses, the most prominent being denial. According to Freud, â€Å"Denial involves blocking external events from awareness. If some situation is just too much to handle, the person just refuses to experience it† (Boeree 6). Freud also developed a method of therapy called psychoanalysis. Freud’s theory says that the mind is composed of the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. â€Å"Freud said that the goal of therapy simply is ‘to make the unconscious conscious’† (Boeree 15). Denial is a very dangerous defense mechanism because a person who is in denial does not ever come to terms with a very traumatizing experience. Alberta goes to the Laundromat to clean her husband Herb’s clothing from the night that he died. When Deedee asks Alberta if her husband works nights too, Alberta says, â€Å"Herb is out of town† (1059). A year after her husband passed away Alberta is still unable to tell Deedee that Herb is dead. Later in the conversation Deedee finds that Alberta â€Å"forgot† to put one shirt into the washing machine. When Deedee grabs the shirt and goes to throw it into the washer with the rest of Herbs clothing, Alberta takes the shirt away from her and says, â€Å"I don’t want to†¦it’s too†¦that stain will never†¦It needs to presoak. I forgot the Woolite† (1061). This would have been the perfect opportunity for Alberta to tell Deedee that her husband had passed away but she still does not. According to Freud, the unconscious â€Å"†¦includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness, including many things that have their origins there, such as our drives or instincts, and things that are put there because we cant bear to look at them, such as the memories and emotions associated with trauma† (Boeree 15). When Alberta says that her husband is just away on business, she is keeping the fact that he is dead in her unconscious mind. Since psychoanalysis is about bringing feelings from the unconscious to the conscious, talking to Deedee is a form of psychoanalysis therapy. When Alberta is able to transfer this feeling to the conscious mind she is able to work on accepting her loss. Deedee helps Alberta, through a form of psychoanalysis, bring her feelings and the truth to the conscious mind. Towards the end of the night, Alberta and Deedee seem to be growing more and more fond of one another. As Deedee finally tells Alberta about her husbands affair she impulsively says, â€Å"†¦Like he’s dead and now you worship the shirts he wore† (1072). When Deedee says this she suddenly realizes that Alberta’s husband is in fact dead and she feels terrible. Deedee apologizes saying, â€Å"I’m sorry, Mrs. Johnson, I really am sorry. You probably been plannin’ this night for a long time. Washin’ his things. And I barged in and spoiled it all† (1072). Alberta responds to the apology saying, â€Å"I’ve been avoiding it or a long time. Herb died last winter, the day before his birthday† (1072). This is what is called a Catharsis in psychoanalysis therapy. A catharsis is â€Å"†¦the sudden and d ramatic outpouring of emotion that occurs when the trauma is resurrected† (Boeree 15). When Alberta finally tells Deedee the truth about Herb she is relieved to have told someone. Alberta’s â€Å"secret† is finally in her conscious mind and she is able to experience feelings and emotions about the event with another person. According to Freud this is a huge step towards the conclusion in psychoanalysis therapy. In contrast to Alberta, Deedee is a young woman who is still learning about life and relationships. Deedee is in a relationship with a man named Joe who is having an affair with another woman. Joe tells Deedee that he is working a double shift when really he is going to the bowling alley and bowling with a beautiful blonde woman. Like Alberta, Deedee is also in denial about an aspect of her life. Deedee is in denial that her husband Joe is having an affair. When Deedee is telling Alberta about Joe, she tells Alberta that the reason he is out late is because of his job. She says, It’s all-the-time, he lately. He says people are buyin’ more trucks ‘cause farmers have to raise more cows ‘cause we got a population explosion going on. Really crummy, you know? People I don’t even know having babies mean Joe can’t come home at the right time. Don’t seem fair. (1059) Even though Deedee has caught Joe cheating on her in the bowling alley, she does not tell Alberta the truth. By pretending that Joe is just working a double shift she is keeping her feelings and emotions in the unconscious mind. As the night progresses, Deedee develops a liking for Alberta even though they do not have a lot in common. A TV review on â€Å"The Laundromat† writes â€Å"In ‘The Laundromat’ she is writing about two women, one old enough to be the other’s mother† (O’Connor C18). Even though the women are so far apart in age, their situation is very similar and they develop a relationship based on that. As the play comes to a conclusion, Deedee tells Alberta about her boyfriend’s affair and brings her feelings to the conscious, finally recognizing that she is not being treated right. When Deedee asks Alberta for advice on what to say to Joe when she confronts him about the affair, Alberta says â€Å"Your own face in the mirror is better company than a man who would eat a whole fried egg in one bite. But it won’t be easy† (1074). What Alberta is really saying is that Deedee is going to be lonely with or without her husband because he is never home and she knows that he has betrayed her. Deedee would be better off being lonely without letting her husband get the best of her. Through psychoanalysis, Alberta was able to help Deedee come to terms with her feelings and move them from the unconscious to the conscious mind. According to Freud, insight is the last important step of psychoanalysis therapy. â€Å"Insight is being aware of the source of the emotion, of the original traumatic event† (Boeree 15). In the TV Review of â€Å"The Laundromat† in the NY Times, O’Connor writes, â€Å"Deedee is in a panic about her husband’s increasing indifference. ‘He makes me feel like I’m a TV set,’ she cries, ‘and he’s changed the channels’† (O’Connor 1). These lines are not included in the original play, but on the television version of the play Deedee is describing how the affair made her feel. Expressing the feelings associated with the affair is a form of insight. As Alberta is loading up her laundry basket she says, â€Å"Maybe, in a few months or next year sometime, I’ll be able to give these away. They’re nice things† (1074). Since Alberta has finally come to terms with her husband Herbs death sh e feels that she finally will be able to move on and take the final steps in mourning her husband. This final step of psychoanalysis is a key step to finally being able to cope with life and its obstacles. In conclusion, through psychoanalysis the two women are able to overcome their denial and come to terms with despair and loneliness. Alberta and Deedee were two very different women. Alberta was very refined and in her late fifties while Deedee was a mess and only twenty years old. Despite their differences the two women found something in common that brought them closer and enabled them to help one another. By talking about their feelings and their obstacles with their husbands at the Laundromat, Alberta and Deedee did something that takes years and years of therapy for others to accomplish. Alberta came to terms with her husband Herbs death and Deedee came to terms with her husband having an affair with another women. Denial is a very dangerous defense mechanism that the mind uses to block out an event in one’s life that is very difficult to deal with. Psychoanalysis is a powerful therapy that can be used to overcome denial and deal with reality and life’s obst acles. Reluctantly, Alberta and Deedee met one another and they were able to mediate one another and discover their problems in the conscious mind. Research Papers on â€Å"The Laundromat† by Marsha Norman - Theatre EssayThree Concepts of PsychodynamicPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelThe Fifth Horseman

Compare and contrast two people you know well Essay

Compare and contrast two people you know well - Essay Example One is my friend Mr. Pete and the other is my friend and cousin Prof. Jilmatt. Mr. Pete is an ardent social worker who attributes his generous nature to his family and multicultural society in which he was born and brought up. He spent his childhood with his loving parents, and friends of different ethnic groups. His parents belonged to a middle class White family who were staunch supporters of Catholic faith. In addition to religious insight, they both had good background of college education which added to Pete’s social concern. He is not only little lenient to moral failures but also exceedingly formal; and always maintained the dignity of his family throughout his life. Though people used to criticize him for his obsessional behavior, his sense of responsibility and discipline has had a strong influence on my life. Pete valued friendship and always maintained good social contact. He is well aware of the problems of common people and has clear opinion on social issues. He is an excellent speaker who also takes part in political campaigns. Although he was born to catholic parents, he actively participated in social issues irrespective of their ethnic variance. However, the most unfortunate thing about him is that he is half blind who could never read anything since his childhood. However, people who are only very close to him could identify this deformity; and obviously his will power enabled him to manage this. All his social contacts have helped him to build up a successful business based on agricultural products and equipments. Prof. Jilmatt is an aberrant character who could speak and write more than seven languages fluently. He is famous (notorious?) for his vociferous nature and careless life style. Common people could hardly understand the real versatile. He is little consistent with his career as a professor and is often catapulted from

Race & Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race & Racism - Essay Example Racism defines the power of a particular group to eliminate other minorities in various ways. It does not have to rely on physical distinctions though, because it can be in the form of distinguishing the culture and behavior of a certain group. Social and political areas of the society can contribute to the idea of racism as they stand for the general population. Racism affects not only the people who are responsible enough to handle such discriminations but also the children or the young generations (Coombs, 1994; Semchison, 2007). The young generation is corrupted as to how the government used them in order to control the indigenous people. Commonly, skin color determines the opportunity for a child from schools, jobs and even in marriage (Smith, 2003). Discrimination among the aboriginal Australians have been a feature of its history. Stealing the generation is just one of the marks of racism in Australia; racism also includes segregating the aborigines and forced them to work for a mission. This scenario largely impacted the health of the aborigines. Their lives have been put into an unvarying threat and losing their lands created more tension. Relocating can be treated as the main reason why the aborigines have developed health problems because of the frustrations and other deprivation they have encountered. They have been put into a violent discipline where they were restricted to take advantage of what belongs to them at first (Semchison, 2007). A concrete example of deprivation is that, funds for healthcare are not adequate to respond to the needs of the people. Moving into the urban life made it difficult for the aboriginal people to deal with their health problems because they cannot, for a fact, afford the medications. Mostly, people are being dominated by those of power because of their poverty. Results are reflected through the poor health, substance abuse, unemployment, violence against women, deprivation on

Gender attribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender attribution - Essay Example The system is pretty straightforward, blue for boys and pink for girls. Even parents who opt to know their baby’s sex through ultrasound allows for an early determination of purchasing choices for the birth of their child. The moment the doctor informs them of the sex creates stability in their mind that will allow for easier choices in the things they will have to buy and the atmosphere they will have to create. It determined the color of the room, the crib, the clothes and the toys just to name a few. For those who wish to wait till actual birth, they will have to settle for neutral colors just to ensure they will not look foolish if they get the gender wrong. These practices of gender referencing through color is a major issue in stereotyping gender roles that start very early on in a person’s life. The young child’s life is bounded by specific categories pertaining to their gender that has consequent effects to their future. Katrin Bennhold’s â€Å"Toys Start the Gender Equality Rift† starts off with an anecdote that took place at Hamleys. A mother looks for a gift for her niece and specifically asks the attendant where the girls section is and even remarks on the need to categorize the store properly. This incident reflects how starting from toy stores, labeling is important to emphasize gender roles. The article cites Laura Nelson, a neuroscientist and head of Breakthrough which addresses stereotyping, who remarks that â€Å"Gender-specific-color-coding influences the activities children choose, the skills they build and ultimately the roles they take in society† (Bennhold par.7). ... This will be all well except that there also exists a pay gap where women earn approximately 16% less than their male counterparts from male-dominated industries. This also affects leadership as high positions are seen to be more appropriate for male employees. â€Å"Leadership is associated with ‘male’ qualities like aggressiveness and risk-taking† (Bennhold par.10). This can be seen even in politics and other areas of society where males usually take high positions faster than do women. To date, the country is yet to elect a female president. Nevertheless, there are toy stores and countries that aim to address the elimination of gender stereotyping through toys. Sweden has implemented governmental measures which foster neutrality in order to prevent gender stereotyping. Harrod’s toy department, Toy Kingdom, has also established â€Å"gender-nonspecific zones† that aims to deal with the issue. Apart from toy stores, another child-related business wh ich seems to propagate gender stereotyping is greeting cards. These cards given by friends and family when a child is born also specify gender roles. Though they are not accepted directly by the child, they demonstrate how parents play a vital role in their child’s future. Lynda Willer’s â€Å"Welcome to Your World, Baby† is a study of greeting cards and the greeting cards industry in the sale of cards that celebrate the arrival of a newborn. The study was conducted by visiting 10 greeting card stores and examining 30 cards from each to a total of 300. The 30 cards consist of 10 boy-identified, 10 girl-identified and 10 non-gender specific (338). The study focused on two research questions as follows: Research Question 1: What are the differences in language usage in boy-specified birth

Alaska Airlines Flight Human Factors

Alaska Airlines Flight Human Factors The term human factors can be defined as anything to do with humans. In aviation maintenance human conditions like stress, illness, complacency are important because if these factors are not taken care of can lead to fatal accidents. Human factors in aviation industry have become more significant as over the time it has been realized that in most airborne accidents, human error is the main reason rather than mechanical failure. Human Factors are too broad a definition for our understanding of its application in aircraft maintenance. It focuses on a wide range of challenges faced by any human in his/her day to day personal or professional life and when combined how they can lead to human errors and ultimately to a fatal accident. This report is the case study of one such incident, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD 83, which crashed into Pacific Ocean near Anacapa Island, California killing all 88 people on board. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determines that the probable cause of this accident was a loss of airplane pitch control resulting from the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assemblys acme nut threads. The thread failure was caused by excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly (NTSB (2003). Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean Alaska Airlines Flight 261. WASHINDTON, DC: NTSB. 180.) After going through the accident and studying all the possible causes of this fatal accident it has been observed that it was the chain of events that led to one error after the other. The Cheese Error Model is used for analysis to explain the causes. C:UsersYashikaDesktopswisscheese2.gif Fig 1 (http://www.aviation.unsw.edu.au/about/articles/swisscheese.html) SYNOPSIS According to NTSB report 2003, on January 31, 2000, about 1621 Pacific standard time, Alaska Airlines flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, N963AS, crashed into the Pacific Ocean about 2.7 miles north of Anacapa Island, California. The 2 pilots, 3 cabin crewmembers, and 83 passengers on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed by impact forces. Flight 261 was operating as a scheduled international passenger flight under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 from Lic Gustavo Diaz Ordaz International Airport, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Seattle, Washington, with an intermediate stop planned at San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which operated on an instrument flight rules flight plan. (NTSB. (2003). HISTORY OF FLIGHT. In: NTSB Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean, Alaska Airlines Flight 261. WASHINDTON, DC: NTSB. 1.) PROBABLE CAUSE The National Transportation Safety Board carried out an intense investigation to find out what brought the flight 261 down and founded many reasons responsible for this accident. The NTSB report considered the main reason as the loss of airplane pitch control due to the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assemblys acme nut threads. The thread failed because of excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly. NTSB reports also mentions about the design flaw of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 as it didnt have fail safe mechanism to prevent the disastrous effects of failure of acme nut threads. AEROPLANE INFORMATION The McDonnell Douglas MD-83 is low wing, twin engine commercial aircraft. The horizontal stabilizer is mounted on top of the 18-foot-high vertical stabilizer in a T-tail configuration and controls the pitch movement of an aircraft. The horizontal stabilizer is about 40 feet long and its movement is provided by the jackscrew assembly, which consists of an acme screw and nut, a torque tube inside the acme screw, two gearboxes, motors an alternate and a primary trim motor, and associated components. C:UsersYashikaDesktopAlaska 261 1.gif Fig 2 http://www.tailstrike.com/310100.htm The movement of horizontal stabilizer is controlled either by autopilot automatically when engaged or manually by the pilots by de-pressing either set of dual trim switches (located on each control wheel), moving the dual longitudinal trim handles on the center control pedestal, or moving the dual alternate trim control switches on the center pedestal. Through these controls one of the two electric motors that rotate the acme screw by applying torque to the titanium torque tube that is held fixed inside the acme screw gets activated. When autopilot senses that the horizontal stabilizer has reached the desired pitch trim condition or when pilot commands are terminated, or when the horizontal stabilizer reaches its maximum travel limits the motor is de-energized. The MD-80 horizontal stabilizers design limits are 12.2 ° leading edge down, which results in airplane-nose-up trim, and 2.1 ° leading edge up, which results in airplane-nose-down trim. In Alaska flight 261, horizontal sta bilizers went beyond its design limit plunging the aircraft nose and rolling the plane to 360 °. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION The captain and first officer of Alaska Flight 261 were highly qualified and experienced pilots of Alaska Airlines. There were no medical problems or any other drug abuse that could have affected the performance of either pilot. The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 was dispatched in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and approved procedures by Alaska Airlines. Prior to take off and during the initial phase of the flight, the longitudinal trim control system was functioning normally and did not record any problems but as they reached 23,400 feet pilots realized the horizontal stabilizer on tail plane was not moving and they immediately carried out a standard checklist to try and free the stabilizer. They tried to troubleshoot the problem by repeatedly trying the two switches that operate the stabilizer. The primary motor is activated by both the switch on the control stick known as pickle switch and a longitudinal sliding handle on the pedestal but both the sy stems were inoperative so they decided to disengage the autopilot and fly the plane themselves. The jammed stabilizer was pushing the nose of aircraft towards the ground therefore it was taking lot of physical strength for the pilots to keep the plane at level altitude. Meanwhile they contacted ground maintenance to seek advice or if there is any hidden switch or system they are not aware of but dint get any considerable help. As they were approaching to the destination the problems got worst. For one more time pilots tried to free the jammed stabilizer by turning on both alternate and primary motors at same time. The plane plunged downwards for over a minute. Pilots tried to level the plane and they did with lot of efforts. They slowed the plane and informed Air Traffic Controller at Los Angeles and made a decision for emergency landing at Los Angeles. They tried to contact the ground maintenance again but they did not appreciate the significance of the situation and pilots had no appreciable advice from them. They slowed down the plane and headed towards Los Angeles when suddenly the jackscrew holding the horizontal stabilizer broke moving the stabilizer way beyond its aerodynamic limits. The aircraft plunged rapid losing altitude. It rolled 360 degrees and ultimately crashed into Pacific Ocean killing 5 crew members and 83 passengers onboard. After going through all the incident and report of NTSB, it is clear that it was not just the mechanical failure of jackscrew assembly but it was a sequence of events that ultimately led to failure of acme nut threads which was paid off by the lives of 88 innocent people on board. Number of factors contributed to the crash of flight 261. The summative economical and organizational pressure led Alaska Airlines to increase the lubrication interval of jackscrew assembly and FAA oversight to those extensions and use of unapproved tools and measures. Along with these the maintenance staff falsified the records of work done when actually the work wasnt done. This evaluation involves the use of Swiss Cheese Model to explain the chain of events like design flaw, inadequate maintenance, extended lubrication and end play check intervals and deficient maintenance procedures of Alaska Airlines that led the tragic end of Alaska airlines flight 261. The design of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 had major design flaw to it. The horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly did not have the fail safe mechanism to prevent the disastrous effects of failure of acme nut thread. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification procedures for DC-9 did not sufficiently considered the consequences of excessive wear in context to horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly. Designers of the system presumed that at least one set of the jackscrew assemblys acme screw and nut threads would always be sound and engaged to act as a load path. Therefore, the consequences of stripped acme nut threads and the corresponding effect on the airplane (including the possibility of the acme screw disengaging from the acme nut) were not considered in the design of the horizontal stabilizer trim system. After the accident the investigators recovered the wreckage from 700 feet underneath the sea. The horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly were found intact and attached to the horizontal stabilizers front spar. The acme screw was found cracked but attached to the support assembly. Metallic filaments were found wrapped around the central part of the acme screw. Fig 3 http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpostid=a406ede6-772f-4c84-a95f-410a0744a8ca The probable cause of this was the inadequate maintenance procedures of Alaska Airlines. In aviation industry there is enormous pressure to maintain, rectify and deliver the plane on scheduled time to prevent the delay in departure of flight. The economic turn down in early 1990s had hit the company badly and they started to fly their fleets more intensively thereby sharply increasing the planes average daily use and thus altering the maintenance intervals. The initial C-check interval of Alaska Airline was 2,500 flight hours. The recommended C-check interval according to MRB (Maintenance Review Board) report was either 3,500 flight hours or 15 months, whichever came first. In 1988, Alaska airlines extended its C-check intervals to every 13 months (which was about 3,200 flight hours, based on the average airplane utilization rate at Alaska Airlines at the time). In 1996, again the C-check interval was extended to 15 months (which was about 4,775 flight hours, based on the average air plane utilization rate at Alaska Airlines at the time). The task of lubrication of jackscrew assembly was to be accomplished in every B-check intervals which was increased to 500 hours in 1987 from 350 hours in 1985. However in 1988, Alaska Airlines removed B-checks and the entire tasks of B checks were conjoint with A-checks and C-checks. Lubrication of jackscrew assembly was due at every eighth A-check or every 12,000 hours of flight but in July 1966 the task of jackscrew assembly lubrication was removed from A-check and was placed on a time-controlled task card with time interval of 8 months. At that time there was no accompanying flight-hour limit and thus based on airplane utilization rates at that time, 8 months was about 2,550 flight hours. Also the investigators found widespread deficiencies within the Alaska Airlines maintenance procedures. Two years before, during the crashed airliners last overhaul one of the lead mechanic at airlines Oakland maintenance facility had ordered the jackscrew for this particular aircraft. He then went off shift and his recommendation was over ruled by the next shift personnel and the plane was put back to service. It would be 2 years for the next due overhaul but the time ran out and flight 261 faced the fatal consequences. Fig 3 http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2002/AAR0201.pdf Along with extended intervals Alaska Airlines changed the lubrication grease from Mobilgrease 28 to Aeroshell 33 even after McDonnell Douglas didnt approve it completely. Alaska Airlines notified FAA about this change but FAA dint reply to this change until the flight 261 accident after which it disapproved the use of grease Aeroshell 33. Not only this, the maintenance personnel at Alaska Airlines were not trained properly for the lubrication task. It was evident when in interview with the mechanic responsible to carry out the lubrication task stated that the lubrication task took about 1 hour, whilst Boeing documents and testimony said that, when properly done, the task should take more than 4 person hours. INCOMPLETE: small access panel (include in design flaw), important senior managers positions vacant for 2 years, missing records. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Page no 171 of NTSB report. FAA oversight CONCLUSION Following can be concluded from the above analysis: The flight crew on Alaska flight 261 was fully qualified and had received sufficient training as per the federal regulations. Both the pilots did not have any preexisting medical conditions that could jeopardize with flights safety. The flight 261 was dispatched in accordance with the FAAs regulations and Alaska airlines procedures. The weight and balance of the plane was within the limit. Weather was not the factor for the accident and there was no evidence of fire or bird impact or any other foreign object damage. Both the engines were functioning normal during the flight. Air traffic control personnel was properly certified and qualified for the respective jobs. The horizontal stabilizer was functioning normally during the initial phase of flight but jammed at 23,400 feet. Neither the pilots nor the ground maintenance staff could understand the reason for this jam. The worn threads inside the horizontal stabilizer acme nut were incrementally sheared off by the acme screw and were completely sheared off during the accident flight. As the airplane passed through 23,400 feet, the acme screw and nut jammed, preventing further movement of the horizontal stabilizer until the initial dive. As there was no checklist present to land as soon as possible and the circumstances confronting the flight crew, their decision not to return to Lic Gustavo Diaz Ordaz International Airport, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, immediately after recognizing the horizontal stabilizer trim system malfunction was understandable. The flight crews use of the autopilot while the horizontal stabilizer was jammed was not appropriate. The flight crews decision to divert the flight to Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, rather than continue to San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California, as originally planned was apposite. Alaska Airlines dispatch personnel appear to have attempted to influence the flight crew to continue to San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California instead of diverting to Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California. There was no effective lubrication on the acme screw and nut interface at the time of the Alaska Airlines flight 261 accident.

Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki :: history

Effects of the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Ever since the dawn of time man has found new ways of killing each other. The most destructive way of killing people known to man would have to be the atomic bomb. The reason why the atomic bomb is so destructive is that when it is detonated, it has more than one effect. The effects of the atomic bomb are so great that Nikita Khrushchev said that the survivors would envy the dead (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 1982). These devastating physical effects come from the atomic bomb’s blast, the atomic bomb’s thermal radiation, and the atomic bomb’s nuclear radiation. An atomic bomb is any weapon that gets its destructive power from an atom. This power comes when the matter inside of the atoms is transformed into energy. The process by which this is done is known as fission. The only two atoms suitable for fissioning are the uranium isotope U-235 and the plutonium isotope Pu-239 (Outlaw Labs). Fission occurs when a neutron, a subatomic particle with no electrical charge, strikes the nucleus of one of these isotopes and causes it to split apart. When the nucleus is split, a large amount of energy is produced, and more free neutrons are also released. These neutrons then in turn strike other atoms, which causes more energy to be released. If this process is repeated, a self-sustaining chain reaction will occur, and it is this chain reaction that causes the atomic bomb to have its destructive power (World Book, 1990). This chain reaction can be attained in two different ways. The first type of atomic bomb ever used was a gun-type. In this type two subcritical pieces of U-235 are placed in a device similar to the barrel of an artillery shell. One piece is placed at one end of the barrel and will remain there at rest. The other subcritical mass is placed at the other end of the barrel. A conventional explosive is packed behind the second subcritical mass. When the fuse is triggered, a conventional explosion causes the second subcritical mass to be propelled at a high velocity into the first subcritical mass. The resulting combination causes the two subcritical masses to become a supercritical mass. When this supercritical mass is obtained, a rapid self-sustained chain reaction is caused (World Book, 1990). This type of atomic bomb was used on

Boom Boom Boom

â€Å"Boom Boom† is a blues song written by John Lee Hooker and recorded in 1961. The song was a hit in the US in 1962 and in the UK 1992. â€Å"Boom Boom† has been recorded by numerous blues and other artists, including a 1965 Pop hit by The Animals. John Lee Hooker's â€Å"Boom Boom† has been acknowledged by the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. â€Å"Boom Boom† is an uptempo stop-time blues song that does not follow a typical twelve-bar blues pattern. Hooker's sense of timing was his and his alone, demanding big-eared sidemen†. [2] Backing John Lee Hooker (vocal and guitar) are members of the Funk Brothers (Joe Hunter (piano), James Jamerson (bass), and Benny Benjamin (drums)); plus Larry Veeder (guitar), Hank Cosby (tenor saxophone), and Andrew â€Å"Mike† Terry (baritone saxophone).The song became a hit, reaching #16 in the Billboard R&B chart where it spent eight weeks in 1962. 3] â€Å"Boom Boom† a lso made an appearance in the US pop chart (1962 at #60), one of only two Hooker singles to do so. [3] Thirty years later, after being featured in a Lee Jeans commercial in 1992, the song reached #16 in the UK Singles Chart. [4] In 1995, the song was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of â€Å"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll†. [5] â€Å"Boom Boom† was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 2009 in the â€Å"Classics of Blues Recording† category. [6]

And then there were none by Agatha kristi

And then there were none by Agatha kristi Agatha Christie's, And Then There Were None is a chilling mystery about a group of people who were invited to an island and got killed off one by one via an unknown being during their stay. The group invited to this peaceful and tropical island all had one thing in common; they had each committed a deadly crime, which the court could not dispense justice upon. For example: One night, a lady was brought into a hospital needing a simple surgery. Dr. Armstrong was present and performed the operation. Little did any one know, that at the time Dr. Armstrong was under the influence of alcohol and did not have the ability to execute the task. He made a fatal mistake during the operation, resulting in the patient's death. Each guest committed a similar crime to this one. They die one by one as their dark pasts are revealed.When all ten guests arrived on the island they noticed that their host was nowhere to be found.VERA ZVONEREVAOne stormy evening while everyone was sitting around the fire of the luxurious mansion, sipping tea and coffee, there came the sound of a droning PA announcer. It accused each guest of a murder and then went silent. Everyone thought that the host was playing a silly practical joke and would soon introduce himself. During the accusations, one of the guests fainted and everyone rushed to her aid. In the midst of all this commotion the host slipped a lethal amount of poison into Anthony Martison's beverage and then joined the scene. The guest drank it and died instantly. Now people were getting suspicious.The following days people were getting killed one by one, some by poison, some by drowning, and some by axes and pipes. This is how one of brutal murders...

Waka Flocka ACT Scores

Waka Flocka ACT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Waka Flocka is running for President - but is he qualified? Are you taking the ACT? You're in good company! Barack Obama, Marilyn Monroe, and Steve Jobs all took the ACT, too, along with several other celebrities. We've compiled their scores so you can see how these successful people performed back when they were in high school. We've also converted the SAT scores of famous people to the ACT scale so you get a sense of how their scores compare. Now if you ever run into Barack Obama, you'll have at least one conversation starter to fall back on... ACT Scores of Famous People We've gathered a complete list of celebrity ACT scores. These were often revealed in interviews or through investigative research. Some people were proud of their high scores, others proud of their low scores - and others couldn't care less. Here it is: Celebrity ACT Score College Attended Sonia Sotomayor 35 Princeton Matt Birk 34 Harvard Waka Flocka Flame 34 None Steve Jobs 32 Reed College Barack Obama 30 Columbia University Lyndon B. Johnson 26 Texas State University Marilyn Monroe 21 None William Faulkner 18 University of Mississippi *(Some of these scores may be unproven) Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you MUST be usingin your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. All these people took the ACT. But many other celebrities took the SAT, and we converted their SAT scores to ACT: Celebrity SAT Score ACT Conversion College Attended Paul Allen 1600 36 Washington State University Will Smith Rumored to be perfect 36 Ben Affleck Almost perfect 35-36 Occidental College, University of Vermont Bill Gates 1590 35 Harvard Ben Bernanke 1590 35 Harvard Bill O'Reilly 1585 35 Marist College Ryan Fitzpatrick 1580 35 Harvard James Woods 1579 35 MIT Ben Stein 1573 35 Columbia Ke$ha 1500 34 Scott McNealy 1420 32 Stanford Natalie Portman 1400+ 32-34 Harvard Al Gore 1355 30-31 Harvard Stephen King 1300s 30-31 University of Maine Meredith Vieira 1300s 30-31 Tufts University George W. Bush 1206 26-27 Yale Derek Jeter 1200 26 University of Michigan John Kerry 1190 26 Yale Courtney Cox 1150 25 Mount Vernon College Amy Tan 1100s 24-26 Linfield College, San Josà © State University Kobe Bryant 1080 23 Scarlett Johansson 1080 23 Bill Clinton 1032 22 Georgetown Peyton Manning 1030 22 University of Tennessee Alex Rodriguez 910 19 As you can see, these famous people's ACT scores are all over the board. You can of course achieve great things in life even with low ACT scores, and, vice versa, excellent ACT scores are just one step on the road to success. For most people in the world (like you and me), working hard in school, getting high grades, and going to a great college will set us up for huge opportunities. If your goal is to get into a good college, expand your mind, and open up more opportunities by working hard in school, then your ACT scores take on greater importance. So if a highly ranked college is in your sights, how can you join the ranks of Sonia Sotomayor, Matt Birk, and Waka Flocka Flame (a sentence that's probably never been uttered before)? Obama attended Punahou Schoolin Hawaii and scored a 30 on the ACT. How to Get Great Scores Doing well on the ACT is all about how well prepared you are. Below are some valuable strategies and resources you can use to perform your best on the ACT and add your name to the top of the list of celebrity ACT scores. Get Well Acquainted with the ACT Do you have a best friend or family member who you know everything about, from her dream travel destination to how she likes her eggs cooked? Well, it's time to make the ACT your new best friend. Learn everything you can about the test, including what its directions say, how many questions it asks in how much time, and what content it covers in each section. As long as your familiarize yourself with the ACT as best you can, there should be no surprises on test day. Instead, it will feel like you're sitting down with an old acquaintance - maybe one that's caused you some stress over the months, but one that you know like the back of your hand. Prep With a Plan The ACT covers a lot of ground. Without a specific approach, you could easily get overwhelmed by the breadth of material. Setting small, manageable goals will help you divide and conquer the content. Rather than focusing on the entire English section, for example, figure out the subskills and question types being asked within the section. Focus on just one or two of these question types at a time, and make sure you understand it fully before moving on. For more strategies on how to approach your test prep, check out our free E-Book: 5 Tips to Get You 4 Points or More. To Thine Own Self Be True Everyone has different experiences, learning styles, and abilities. Maybe you excel in math, but analyzing a work of fiction leaves you feeling lost. To prep for the ACT effectively, you need to reflect on your strengths and weaknesses and where you need to focus your energies the most. One way to root out your weaknesses is by answering ACT Questions of the Day. Check out this complete guide on how answering ACT QOTD can help you design your own customized study plan. Stock Up On Resources To truly conquer the content on the ACT, you need some extra resources to help you along the way.How long is the ACT, for example? How exactly is it scored? What tips can a full 36 scorer give you on how to achieve a perfect score? We have all these answers, plus lots of helpful advice, available to you, so be sure to fully pack your mental suitcase with all the provisions you'll need to sustain yourself on test day. What's Next? Before you start prepping, you probably want to define your goals: what exactly are your target scores? To help you figure out what you are aiming for, we explain what's a good ACT score, what's a bad score, and what's an excellent score - and what this means for your test prep. When do you plan to take the ACT? How many times are you taking it? We present the pros and cons of test dates and explain how smart scheduling can help you on test day. Want to score a perfect ACT score, or near it? Be like Bill Gates: read how to get a perfect ACT score, by our perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Facebook vs Twitter Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Facebook vs Twitter - Case Study Example Undoubtedly, malicious virus attacks appear to be the most potent challenge to Facebook. Due to this problem, thousands of people lose access to their accounts. In addition, computer hackers intrude into Facebook IDs and steal users’ confidential information. The â€Å"Facebook’s mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected† (as cited in Reagan, 2009). However, growing governmental interventions and regulations including ban raise potential challenges to Facebook in some countries like China. Hence, the company has to struggle a lot to make its mission achievable. Market competitors like Twitter and Myspace are turning out to be a significant threat to Facebook. Last but not the least, many social interests groups raise their voice against Facebook, arguing that this website is a major reason of time wastage. Evidently, Facebook’s major competitor Twitter is the greatest challenge/threat to the company. Twitter has attained worldwide popularity and this website has the strength of over 500 million active users as of 2012. In addition, high profile people like celebrities and politicians prefer Twitter to Facebook. This situation may contribute to an increase in the level of Twitter traffic over the coming years. In order to manage the threat of Twitter, it is advisable for the Facebook to integrate more customized page features and applications. It is also recommendable to take efforts to ensure the presence of high profile celebrities on Facebook. Finally, the company should make financial incentive provisions for Facebook promoters. Possibly, the involvement of high profile people may be the best strategy for the Facebook to defend the threats from Twitter.

Conformity and obedience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conformity and obedience - Research Paper Example To the contrary those who rebelled or disobeyed probably got eaten by a tiger or fell off a cliff in the primitive settings of our species’ development. (Kassin, et.al, 2007) Hence, obedience to significant others has a definite value. In other words, â€Å"child socialization values, the values that parents hold in high regard and try to impart to their children, occupy a central place in the studies of the family and social stratification. Socialization values not only condition parental behavior in childrearing practices, they also help shape children's value systems and behavior, which affect their life chances and pathways to success.† (Xiao, 1999, p.641) Conformity has its value too, in terms of its social utility. In order for societies to maintain cohesion and harmony, a certain degree of shared virtues, behaviour and values are to be upheld by all members of the society. Otherwise, discord and disharmony are likely to ensue. As the famous adage ‘When in R ome, be a Roman’ hints, conformity holds great survival value for any individual anywhere in the world. But it must be remembered that our country is founded on principles of individual freedom and rights and the concept of ‘individualism’ is cherished and held dear by most of the citizens. Hence there are equally powerful and legitimate countervailing tendencies in the form of conformity and individualism. As author Wilfred McClay notes succinctly in his journal article for The Virginia Quarterly Review, â€Å"As the example of Huck Finn suggests, American thought and expression have always been rich with figures of heroic individuality-and correspondingly poor in convincing and binding representations of community or social obligation. Whether one considers our accounts of the great colonial religious controversies, such as those involving rebels Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, or the moral fables embedded in our popular culture, such as that offered in th e movies One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The Dead Poets' Society, and Fiddler on the Roof, we seem to have a boundless appetite for fables of personal liberation. We are almost invariably asked to side with the put-upon individual, cast as an unjustly thwarted soul yearning to breathe free, and we are instructed to hiss at the figures of social or political authority, the John Winthrops and Nurse Ratcheds of life, whose efforts to sustain order establish them instead as monsters and enemies of humanity.† (McClay, 2001, p.392) One particular illustration of a call for individualism is seen in the movie Dead Poets Society. In this Robin Williams starrer, topics of conformity and obedience are explored cinematically. Williams, who moves into a vacant English professor position in a up-scale prep school (Welton Academy in Vermont), finds his students tough to deal with in the beginning. The students are prone to make trouble both inside and outside the classroom. Williams takes u pon himself to channel their energies into more creative activities and subjects of poetry and literature serve as inspirational tool, with which he wins over the minds and hearts of the pupils. The students start behaving much better as a result and in the process engage in the learning and enjoy the classroom experience. With stimulated minds and liberated thoughts, the students are confounded and conflicted by the emergent and the established. Despite